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LNG Boil-off Gas Recovery and Monitoring
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) transport vessels, regasification terminals, and liquefaction plants all must deal with boil-off gas (BOG) — ordinarily methane and nitrogen — during operations. BOG is created due to the infiltration of heat, volume displacement, and...
Condensate Exports Grabbing Headlines
In the mid-1970s, the United States placed firm controls on exporting crude oil, effectively banning such action. Section 754 of Bureau of Industry and Security's (BIS') Export Administration Regulations (EAR) states that a BIS license — which is only authorized in...
U.S. Petrochemical Transportation and Storage Industry Always Adapting
Like oil rigs and refineries, transportation and storage infrastructure for crude oil, NGL, and condensate requires thoughtful design and implementation that considers regulatory, safety, and environmental factors. Yet no matter how carefully planned, a pipeline or...
Amine Treatment Processing Basics
The amine treatment process is one of several "sweetening" processes that allows the removal of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from acidic or sour gas and natural gas liquid (NGL). When collected, natural gas contains varying amounts of these...
Condensate Stabilization an Important Step in NGL Processing
Processing and distributing natural gas in a safe and efficient manner isn't as simple as taking it from the ground and piping it out for sale. It must be processed to remove acid gases and other liquids, including natural gas liquids (NGL). These liquids — often...
Emissions Control Technologies and Techniques
In the oil and gas industry, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are inevitably released into the environment during operations and maintenance despite best efforts. However, the impact can be minimized using a wide variety of emissions...
Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Uses
Depending on who you talk to, the definition of "hydrocarbon liquid" may vary. Some educators may try to limit the label to crude oil, preferring to use more specific terms for liquid hydrocarbons transitioned from a gas state instead, including "condensate" and...
Pipeline Safety as a Priority
Whether carrying oil, gas, or other hazardous materials, pipelines prove to be a vital component of how those and other materials are transported. Pipelines alleviate some of the strain on other transportation infrastructure such as railways and the highway system....